一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。
可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如
worker, farmer, desk, factory等)
集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如
people, family 等)。
如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。
不可数名词分为
物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)
抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如
work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、关于可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:
book → books room → rooms
house → houses day → days
2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。但是有些以o结尾的外来词或缩写词的复数形式只加s,另外如果字母o前面是元音字母也只加s。
piano-->pianos(外来词,from Italian)
photo-->photos(from greece)
bamboo-->bamboos(结尾的o前面是元音字母o)
cameo-->cameos(元音字母e)
bus → buses glass → glasses
watch → watches
dish → dishes box → boxes
3. 以&39;辅音字母+y&39;结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:
city → cities body → bodies
factory → factories等等。
boy → boys
play → plays
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:
half → halves leaf → leaves
knife → knives wife → wives
5. 特例,特例常常考,要记住。
① child → children
② man → men woman → women
policeman → policemen
(规律:man → men)
③ tomato → tomatoes
potato → potatoes
注意: 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ] 以O结尾的单词变复数时,有生命的加es,无生命的加s.
如:photo,zoo,为无生命的,+s
tomato,potato为有生命的,+es.
④ foot → feet tooth → teeth
注意: oo变成ee。]
⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形
注意:变复数时词形不变。]
⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。
6.集体名词:表示一群人或物的名词叫集体名词。为便于弄清其特点,我们不妨把它们分为表示无生命的物的“类”和表示主要是由人构成的“群”的集体名词。
⑴表示“类”的集体名词,常见的有
Clothing、furniture、baggage/luggage、jewelry、traffic、information、machinery、merchandise、produce、scenery
① 形式上总是单数,没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语用单数。The old machinery is out of date.
② 不可直接与a(n)或数词连用。表数量时用much,little,some,a piece of,an article of等:Each room has five pieces of furniture.
③ 若需用代词,用单数代词:Do you want to see my jewelry?It is in the box.
⑵表示“群”的集体名词常见的有
1.People、police、cattle、poultry、vermin、clergy、militia、crew;
以上的单词做主语时,谓语动词用复数:The police are looking for him
2.amily、class、team、government、crowd、committee、jury、party、firm、couple、board、group、gang、enemy、union、audience、public、mankind、humanity、youth
以上的词把若集体当作一个整体时,用作单数;若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时,看作复数。
My family is a large one.我的家庭是个大家庭
My family are all workers.我家里人都是工人
注意:把一个集体名词看作单数或复数,要注意前后一致。如:
The team is famous for its(不能用their) long history.该对以历史悠久而闻名。
三、关于不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。
如:water (水) → waters (水域)
orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)
people(人)→peoples(民族)
3. 很多不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。
如:fruit → fruits food → foods
fish → fishes hair → hairs
四、名词可数不可数“六注意”
1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread, a little milk等。
2、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:
He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。
No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。
3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示&39;一些,许多&39;。如:
There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。
There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。
4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用&39;单位词+of&39;来表示数量。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。
5、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:
This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数&39;单位词&39;时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。
6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如:
How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果?
How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?
注意:对不可数名词前的&39;单位词&39;的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。 如:
How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包?
单复数同形:
deer 鹿 means 手段,方法
sheep 羊,绵羊 series 连续,系列
fish 鱼 species 种类
Chinese 汉语(单),中国人(复) works 工厂;作品
ethics 伦理学(单);道德行为(复) statistics 统计学(单);数据(复)
名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词,其中可数名词具有单复数的形式;而不可数名词没有可数名词复数变化规则如下:
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5. 以o结尾,有生命的加es, 无生命的加s. 如:potato-potatoes. zoo-zoos
6.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women,
policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet,. tooth-teeth,
fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,
当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如
There are 56 peoples in China.
以下词为常为不可数名词,他们的复数形式就是他们本身。water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) orange(橙汁)juice(果汁)bread(面包)
不可数名词的数量关系可借助量词表示,如。a cup of tea two cups of tea
一.用所给名词的正确形式填空。
1. I have two_____ (knife)
2. There are many _____ here. (box)
3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)
4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5. The _____ are playing football now. (child)1.Look at those _______. (child)
6.I can see a _______ standing near the door. (policeman)
7.Do you want some ________ for dinner? (potato)
8 In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)
9.He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)
10. Two ________ live in this building .( family )
11. There are so many________(wolf)in the forest.
12. There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.
13.These _______(tomato) are red.
14.______(hero) are great.
15.My brother looks after two ______(baby)
16.There are some ______(deer) eating the grass.
17.My father likes to eat _______(potato).
18.Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.
19.I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom.
20.I help my mother wash _____(dish) in the kitchen.
21I have two ______(pencil-box).
22.There are some ______(bus)in the street.
23.Peter has eight _____(foot).
24.Linda has three _______(tooth).
25.There are some ______(child) in the garden.
26.Michael likes the ______(mouse).
27.There are some ______(goose)in the river.
28.My uncle and father are _____(man).
29.Tom and King are _____(boy).
30.Linda has three ______(tooth).
二.选择填空
1.They come from different ______
A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys
2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato
3. There are_____ birds in that big tree.
A. hundreds of br>B. five hundreds of
C. five hundred of D. hundred of
4. There are some ______ in these _______.
A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box
C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes
5. _______ are good for our health .
A. Tomatos B. Tomatoes C. Tomato
6. I like to eat cake with ______.
7. A. cherries B. cherry C.cherrys
8. ______ and ______ are not friends.
A. Foxs…wolfs B.Foxes…wolfs C. Foxes…wolves
8. Do you want to drink ______ much ?
A、a milk B、milk C、milks
9. This is room. It’s very big.
A、Lily and Lucy’s
B、Lily’s and Lucy’s
STRONG>
10. Do you want some ______ for supper?
A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos
11. In autumn,you can see a lot of___ on the ground.
A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves
12. My sister has two ___. One is old,the other is new.
A、a watch B、watchs C、watches
13.There ______ on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos
C. is a photo D. is photos
14. That’s _____ art book.
A. an B. a C. the D are
15. There ______ two______ in the box.
A. is, watch B. are, watches C. are, watch D. is, watches
16.There is no ______ in the plate.
A. apples B. oranges br> C. rice D. Eggs
巩固练习——写出下列词对应的复数形式(注意:不可数名词不变,单复数同形的要写出来)
1.I_______ 2.him ______ 3.this ________ 4.her ________ 5.wash _____6.child ______ 7.photo ______ 8.diary ______ 9.day ________ 10.foot______ 11.book______ 12. dress _______13.month______ 14.sheep _____ 15.box_______16.strawberry__17.thief______ 18.peach______ 19.sandwich ____ 20.man______21.woman_____22.paper______23.juice_____24.water_______25.milk____26.rice_______ 27.tea_______ 28.leaf______ 29. puppy_____ _30. wish___31. knife_______ 32. fly______ 33.fox_____ 34. bus___ _____35. bench____36. brush_____ 37.church_____38.dish_____ 39.ruler______ 40.party_____41.glass_____42.pencil______43.boy______ 44.zoo______ 45.man_____46. roof_______ 47.shop_____ 48. life____ _ 49.lady________ 50.key______ 51.side______ 52.watch______53.bamboo____54.city_____55.family____56.apple_______57.eraser____58.speech______59.mouse_____60.fish____61.goose_______62. people _____63.ox_____ 64. mouth ______ 65.deer _____66.friend______ 67.library _____ 68.oth_______ 69.hero_____ 70.boss______71.donkey______ 72.radio _______73. horse _____ 74. dog _______ 75 monkey___ 76 text________ 77 Chinese____ 78 Japanese___ 79. factory _____ 80.half______81.German______82.country_____83.toy_______ 84. pear_________85. test______86. army_______87. hour_______88.__________89. dinosaur _____ 90.Italian____91.inventor___92.musician____93.scientist____94.accident______95.pear_____96.professor____97.shelf________98.season____99.trip_________100. play______
四、 写出下列名词的复数形式
1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed
9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo
16、army_ 17、tomato ___ 18、fox
19、woman 20、knife
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